Celadon glaze refers to the transparent, crackle glazes typically seen on porcelain or white stoneware clay articles from 10th and 11th century Korea. During the Koryô dynasty (918–1392), celadon was the dominant form of ceramic on the Korean peninsula.
Mongol invasions of the 13th century transported the craft to China. Japanese invasions of the 16th century exported its artisans to Japan.
The most desired celadons range from a very pale green to a very deep, intense green – meant to imitate the many hues of jade. The color is produced by the iron oxide found in the recipe of the glaze or clay body. Manganese oxide, quartz particles and the amount of oxygen during the firing in the kiln (typically around 1150ºC) also contribute to color and variations.
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The word’s origins are disputed between the romanticized -the name being derived from a character in a French pastoral romance who wore pale green ribbons - or a corruption of the name Salah ad-Din (Saladin), who sent 40 pieces of the ceramic to Nur ad-Din, the Sultan of Syria in 1171. Another theory to the name’s origin is a contraction of two Sanskrit words, sila and dhara, meaning “stone” and “green.”
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